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Areas of specialization
Adventure and wilderness therapy and
education, human and nature relationships,
program evaluation, research methods, recreation
and park administration and management, and
outdoor and environmental education.
Research interests
Design, implementation and evaluation of
wilderness and adventure therapy programs for special-needs youth;
the study of human-nature relationships; protected area and land
management issues; and psychometrics and measurement.
Academic degrees
- Ph.D., University of Idaho, Moscow, ID,
1999, resource recreation and tourism, program evaluation; evaluated
wilderness therapy as an intervention and
treatment for adolescents with behavioral
and emotional problems.
- M.S., University of Idaho, Moscow, ID,
1996, resource recreation and tourism; natural resource economics;
Evaluation of wilderness program for Federal
Job Corps
- B.S., Lewis and Clark College, Portland,
OR, 1991, Environmental Economics; Economic
and ecological effects of international
monetary policy on Central America, included
one-year overseas study.
Professional experience
Associate professor, School of Kinesiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis,
Minn. (August 2005 – present).
Assistant professor, graduate coordinator, Department of
Kinesiology-outdoor education, University of New Hampshire, Durham,
New Hampshire. (August 2003-August 2005)
Director, Outdoor Behavioral Healthcare Research Cooperative,
University of New Hampshire and University of Idaho. (fall 2000-present).
Associate director and research associate, Wilderness Research
Center, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho. (fall 1994-summer 1999).
Instructor, Department Resource Recreation and Tourism,
University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho. (spring -August 2002)
Honors and awards
Finalist (2) for Annual Award for Teaching Excellence, January
2003, awarded to the outstanding faculty instructor at the
University of Idaho.
Outstanding Teaching Award, 2002, awarded to the outstanding
teacher, College of Natural Resources, University of Idaho.
Outstanding Teaching Award, 2001, awarded to the outstanding
teacher, College of Natural Resources, University of Idaho.
Outstanding Teaching Award, 2003, awarded to the outstanding
teacher in the Department of Environmental Sciences, University of
Idaho.
Outstanding Teaching Award, 2001, awarded to the outstanding
teacher in the Department of Environmental Sciences, University of
Idaho.
Professor of the Year, University of Idaho, awarded by a (1)
fraternity and (1) sorority, 2000, 2001, 2002.
Faculty and administrative load
- Wilderness and adventure education
- Research methods and analysis
- Recreation and park administration
- Youth development
- Graduate School faculty
Professional and academic association memberships
- American Evaluation Association
- Outdoor Behavioral Healthcare Industry Council (OBHIC)
- National Association of Therapeutic Wilderness Camps (NATWC)
- National Association of Therapeutic Schools and Programs (NATSAP)
- Association for Experiential Education (AEE)
- Therapeutic Adventure Professional Group (TAPG)
- International Adventure Therapy Conference (IATC)
- Wilderness Society
- American Whitewater Association (AWA)
Professional assignments and activities
Reviewer
Associate editor, Child and Youth Care Forum (2005-present)
Reviewer, Journal of Experiential Education (1999-present)
Reviewer, International Journal of Wilderness (1999-present)
Reviewer, Journal of Leisure Research (2002-present)
Guest reviewer, Conservation Biology, Society and Natural Resources,
Leisure Sciences
Program, state, and association service
Consultant, Council on Accreditation (COA), in the revising of
national accreditation standards for COA, Washington DC (2005)
Research coordinator, Outdoor Behavioral Healthcare Industry Council
(1999-present)
Consultant, Project Adventure, statistical consultant to the
evaluation of longitudinal data on recidivism in adventure programs
in Georgia (2004-present)
Consultant, National Association of Therapeutic Schools and
Programs, research and evaluation of program effectiveness
(1999-present)
Consultant, several state agencies for the development of standards
of care in outdoor therapeutic programs (Oregon, Idaho, Montana,
Colorado) (1999-present)
Steering Committee, Therapeutic Adventure Professional Group,
Association for Experiential Education (2002, 2004-present)
Chair of the Therapeutic Adventure Professional Group, Association
for Experiential Education (2003-2004)
Consultant, several behavioral healthcare programs seeking
information on research in outdoor behavioral healthcare. (fall
2000-present)
Consultant, Ripple Effect, Portland, ME. Serve as a consultant to
evaluate the effects of a wilderness program for youth in Portland,
ME. (Summer 2002-Spring 2003)
Consultant, worked with John Winchell to establish an evaluative
model to examine outcomes from wilderness program in Minnesota for
court-referred youth. (Fall 2002-Spring 2003)
Consultant, Nez Perce Tribe, Lapwai, ID. Helped tribe develop a
wilderness program for violent offenders as part of violence
reduction intervention program. (Spring 2003)
Facilitator, Army Corps of Engineers, Walla Walla District, Walla
Walla WA. (Spring 2002).
Facilitator, Bureau of Land Management, Martin Peace Institute,
University of Idaho. (Spring 1997)
Facilitator, Interior Columbia Basin Ecosystem Project, University
of Idaho. (Winter-Spring 1996)
Facilitator, Army Corps of Engineers, Department of Resource
Recreation and Tourism, University of Idaho (Spring-Summer 2000).
Researcher, Auger Falls Contingency Valuation Project, Office of
Attorney General, State of Idaho. (Spring-Fall 1997)
Publications
Refereed articles in journals
Russell, K.C. (in progress). Depression and substance use
outcomes in outdoor behavioral healthcare treatment. Journal of
Adolescent Health.
Ewert, Russell, Attarian, and Hollenhorst (in progress). Examining
land use trends in adventure education and therapy practices.
Society and Natural Resources.
Russell, Gass, & Young (in review). The psychometric properties of
an instrument to assess social skill development in adolescents.
Measurement and Testing in Counseling.
Caulkins, White & Russell (in review). The impacts of backpacking on
adolescents girls in wilderness treatment programs. Journal of
Experiential Education.
Russell, K.C. (in press). An evaluation of the Project DARE program
for young offenders. Journal of Juvenile Justice and Youth Violence.
Russell, K.C. (2005). Two years later: A qualitative assessment of
youth-well-being and the role of aftercare in outdoor behavioral
healthcare treatment. Child and Youth Care Forum, 34(3), 209-239.
Russell, K.C. & Sibthorp, J. (2004). Hierarchical linear modeling of
treatment outcomes in outdoor behavioral healthcare. Journal of
Experiential Education, 27(2), 176-191.
Russell, K.C. and Farnum, J. (2004). A concurrent model of
wilderness therapy process. Journal of Adventure Education and
Outdoor Learning, 4(1), 39-55.
Russell, K.C. (2003). Assessing treatment outcomes in outdoor
behavioral healthcare using the Youth Outcome Questionnaire. Child
and Youth Care Forum. 32(6), 355-381.
Russell, K.C. (2003). A nation-wide survey of outdoor behavioral
healthcare programs for adolescents with problem behaviors. Journal
of Experiential Education, 25(3), 322-331.
Russell, K. C., & Phillips-Miller, D. (2002). Perspectives on the
wilderness therapy process and its relation to outcome. Child and
Youth Care Forum, 31(6), 415-437.
Russell, K.C. (2002). Assessing outcomes in outdoor behavioral
healthcare. Behavior Management, March/April, 22(2), 12-18.
Russell, K. C. (2002). Does outdoor behavioral healthcare work? A
review of studies on the effectiveness of OBH as an intervention and
treatment. Journal of Therapeutic Camping, Summer/Fall, 2(2), 5-12.
Russell, K.C. & Harris, C. (2001). Dimensions of community autonomy
in timber towns in the inland northwest. Society and Natural
Resources, 14, 21-38.
Russell, K. C. (2001). What is wilderness therapy?
Journal of
Experiential Education, 24(2), 70-79.
Russell, K. C. (2000). Exploring how the wilderness therapy process
relates to outcomes. Journal of Experiential Education, 23(3),
170-176.
Russell, K.C, Hendee, J.C. and Cooke, S. (1998). Potential social
and economic contributions of Wilderness Discovery as an adjunct to
the Federal Job Corps program. International Journal of Wilderness,
4(3), 32-38.
Refereed abstracts
Russell, K.C. & Doherty, T. (2005). Macro and micro perspectives of
evaluating treatment progress using the Youth-Outcome Questionnaire:
Implications for practice and research. In abstracts for the
American Psychological Association Convention, Washington DC, August
2005.
Russell, K.C. (2004). The role of process factors in wilderness
treatment outcomes. Abstract in proceedings of Symposium for
Experiential Education Research (SEER), AEE, Norfolk, VA, November
2-5, 2004.
Russell, K.C. & Sibthorp, J. (2004). Hierarchical data structures in
adventure education and therapy. [Abstract] Journal of Experiential
Education, 26(3), 194-195.
Russell, K.C. (2004). Wilderness treatment programs in the United
States. Implications for land managers. In abstracts for the
International Symposium for Society and Resource Management,
Keystone, Colorado, June 2-6, 2004.
Machlis, G., Hockings, M., Russell, K.C., & Nielsen, E. (2003)
Delegate responses to survey of global change factors affecting
world parks. In abstracts for the Proceedings of the Vth World Parks
Congress, World Conservation Union and the UN Environmental
Programme, Durban South Africa, September 7th -18th.
Russell, K. (2003) Results from a one-year follow-up study of
participants in outdoor behavioral healthcare. In abstracts for the
Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference in Adventure
Therapy, Victoria, BC, Canada, April 2002.
Becker, D., Nielsen, E. and Russell, K. (2000) Mill ownership and
social dimensions of timber dependent communities in the Interior
Columbia Basin. In abstracts for the Proceedings of the
International Symposium for Society and Natural Resources
Management, Bellingham, WA June 2000.
Russell, K.C. (2000). Wilderness treatment programs and their
economic effect on rural economies. In abstracts for the Proceedings
of the International Symposium on Society and Natural Resource
Management, Bellingham, WA June 2000.
Books and book chapters
Russell, K.C (2004). Research directions in wilderness treatment. In
Bandoroff, S. & Newes, S. (Eds.), Coming of age The evolving field
of adventure therapy (pp. 137-155). Boulder, CO Association of
Experiential Education.
Ewert, A., Hollenhorst, S., McAvoy, L. & Russell, K. (2003).
Therapeutic values of parks and protected areas. In D. Harmon & A.
Putney (Eds.), The Full Value of Parks (pp. 141-153). Lanham, MD:
Rowman & Littlefield.
Professional publications
Russell, K.C. (2004). Evaluating the effects of the Project DARE
program on young offenders. Technical Report 2, Outdoor Behavioral
Healthcare Research Cooperative, School of Health and Human
Services, University of New Hampshire, Durham NH.
Russell, K.C. (2004). Two years later A qualitative assessment of
youth-well-being and the role of aftercare in outdoor behavioral
healthcare treatment. Technical Report 1, Outdoor Behavioral
Healthcare Research Cooperative, School of Health and Human
Services, University of New Hampshire, Durham NH.
Machlis, G., Hockings, M., Russell, K.C., & Nielsen, E. (2004).
International Protected Area Training Needs An Analysis of the 2003
World Parks Congress Delegate Survey. National Park Service
Cooperative Park Studies Unit, Washington, DC.
Machlis, G., Hockings, M., Russell, K.C., & Nielsen, E. (2003)
Delegate responses to survey of global change factors affecting
world parks. Proceedings of the Vth World Parks Congress, World
Conservation Union and the UN Environmental Programme, Durban South
Africa, September 7th -18th.
Russell, K. (2003) Results from a one-year follow-up study of
participants in outdoor behavioral healthcare. Proceedings of the
3rd International Conference in Adventure Therapy, Victoria, BC,
Canada, April 2002.
Russell, K.C., McLaughlin, B. J. & Hacker, S. (2002) Economic impact
of visitor spending on rural communities in Idaho. Report prepared
for the Idaho Department of Commerce, Boise, Idaho. 102 pp.
Russell, K.C. (2002). A longitudinal assessment of treatment
outcomes in outdoor behavioral healthcare. Technical Report 28,
Idaho Forest Wildlife and Range Experiment Station, Moscow, ID. 35
pp.
Moore, T. & Russell, K. C. (2002). Studies of the use of wilderness
for personal growth, therapy, education and leadership development:
An annotation and evaluation. University of Idaho-Wilderness
Research Center, Moscow ID USA.
Russell, K.C. (2001). Assessment of treatment outcomes in outdoor
behavioral healthcare. Technical Report 27, Idaho Forest Wildlife
and Range Experiment Station, Moscow, ID. 38 pp.
Russell, K.C. & Hendee, J.C. (2000). Outdoor behavioral healthcare:
Definitions, common practice, expected outcomes and a nation-wide
survey of programs. Technical Report 26, Idaho Forest Wildlife and
Range Experiment Station, Moscow, ID. 87 pp.
Russell, K.C. and Hendee, J.C. and Phillips-Miller, D. (2000). How
wilderness therapy works An examination of the wilderness therapy
process to treat adolescents with behavioral problems and
addictions. In Cole, D., McCool, S. Eds. 2000. Proceedings
Wilderness Science in a Time of Change, Missoula, MT, May, 1999.
Proc. RMRS-P-00. Ogden, UT USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain
Research Station.
Russell, K.C. (1999) The theoretical basis, process, and reported
outcomes of wilderness therapy as an intervention and treatment for
problem behavior in adolescents. Unpublished doctoral dissertation,
College of Natural Resources, Moscow, ID 83844-1144.
Russell, K. C. and Hendee, J.C. (1999). Wilderness therapy An
emerging treatment for adolescents with behavioral problems.
Proceedings of the 6th World Wilderness Congress, Bangalore, India.
Watson, A. ed., Rocky Mountain Research Station, US Forest Service,
USDA, Ogden, UT.
Russell, K. C. and Harris, C. (1997). An analysis of economic,
social and political dimensions of community autonomy in timber
dependent communities in the Inland Northwest. In R. Sandy and C.
Nilon, N. Moisey, and B. Kurtz, (eds.), Seventh International
Symposium Society and Resource Management, Culture, Environment and
Society, Columbia, MO.
Russell, K. C. and Harris, C. (1997). The political, economic, and
social dimensions of community autonomy in timber dependent
communities of the Inland Northwest. O’Laughlin, J, (ed.), Borah
Symposium Planetary Stewardship Conference, Martin Peace Institute,
Moscow, ID.
Russell, K.C. and Hendee, J. C. (1997). Testing Wilderness
Discovery. Technical Report 24, Idaho Forest Wildlife and Range
Experiment Station, Moscow, ID.
Russell, K.C., Hall, L. & Hendee, J.C. (1997) A Wilderness Discovery
program for economically disadvantaged urban youth at the Atlanta
Job Corps Center. Proceedings of the Wilderness Areas in the East
Conference, J. Burde and M. Legg, (eds.), Stephen F. Austin, College
of Forestry, Nacadoches, TX.
Russell, K. C. and Harris, C. (1997). An analysis of economic,
social and political dimensions of community autonomy in timber
dependent communities in the Inland Northwest. In R. Sandy and C.
Nilon, N. Moisey, and B. Kurtz, (eds.), Seventh International
Symposium Society and Resource Management, Culture, Environment and
Society, Columbia, MO.
Russell, K.C., Hall, L. & Hendee, J.C. (1997) A Wilderness Discovery
program for economically disadvantaged urban youth at the Atlanta
Job Corps Center. Proceedings of the Wilderness Areas in the East
Conference, J. Burde and M. Legg, (eds.), Stephen F. Austin, College
of Forestry, Nacadoches, TX.
Papers presented
Keynote presentations
Russell, K.C. (2005). Wilderness and adventure therapy do not work.
Keynote address to the Therapeutic Adventure Professional Group Best
Practices Conference, Buffalo Grove, IL, February 3-5, 2005.
Russell, K.C. (2004). Preliminary results of a study on wilderness
treatment effects on substance use and depression. Keynote address
to the National Association of Therapeutic Schools and Programs NE
Regional Meeting, Durham New Hampshire, October 14-15, 2004.
Refereed presentations
Russell, K.C. & Gass, M. (2004). Facilitating empirical-based
practice in experiential education. Presented at the International
Conference of the Association for Experiential (AEE) Conference,
Norfolk, VA, November 2-5, 2004.
Russell, K.C. (2004). Wilderness treatment programs in the United
States. Implications for land managers. Presented at the
International Symposium for Society and Resource Management,
Keystone, Colorado, June 2-6, 2004.
Russell, K.C. (2004). Two years later An assessment of
youth-well-being and their aftercare experience following wilderness
treatment. Presented to the National Association of Therapeutic
Schools and Programs Conference, Best Practices 2004, Clearwater,
Florida, January 27, 2004.
Russell, K.C. and Newes, S. (2003). Identifying common therapeutic
process across adventure therapy models. Presented to the
Therapeutic Adventure Professionals Group of the Association for
Experiential Education conference, November 13th-16th, Vancouver, BC
Canada.
Machlis, G., Hockings, M., Russell, K.C., & Nielsen, E. (2003)
Delegate responses to survey of global change factors affecting park
resources. Presented to delegates of the Vth World Parks Congress
Benefits Beyond Boundaries, sponsored by the World Conservation
Union and the UN Environmental Programme, Durban South Africa,
September 7th -18th.
Cooley, R. C. & Russell, K.C. (2003). Tracking incidents and
managing risk in outdoor treatment programs A review of five years
of incident data. Presented to the National Association of
Therapeutic Wilderness Camps Annual Conference 2003, Unicoi Lodge
and Conference Center Helen, GA September 14th-16th
Russell, K.C. & Doherty, T. (2003). Evaluation of outdoor behavioral
healthcare treatment and the role it plays in establishing best
practices. Presented to the 2nd Annual Child and Adolescent
Psychiatric Programs Conference: Real Data in Real Time—Best in
Show. Portland, OR September 6th-8th.
Russell, K. (2002) Results from a one-year follow-up study of
participants in outdoor behavioral healthcare. Presented to the 3rd
International Conference in Adventure Therapy, Victoria, BC, Canada,
April 2002.
Russell, K. (2002) Research in wilderness therapy: Definitions,
models, and outcomes. Presented to the 3rd International Conference
in Adventure Therapy, Victoria, BC Canada, April 2002.
Russell, K.C. (2002). One year later: Results of a longitudinal
study of wilderness treatment for at-risk adolescents. Presented at
the International Conference of the Association for Experiential
Education, Minneapolis, MN, November 2002.
Cooley, R. C. & Russell, K.C. (2002). Integrating psychotherapy and
wilderness treatment Doing clinical work outdoors. Workshop
presented at the International Conference of the Association for
Experiential Education, Minneapolis, MN, November 2002.
Russell, K. (2001) An evaluation of the effectiveness of outdoor
treatment approaches. Presented to the national conference Critical
Issues Facing Children and Adolescents, Children’s Mental Health
Institute, Salt Lake City, UT, November, 2001.
Russell, K & Hoyer, S. (2001) An evaluation of a residential day
treatment program for at-risk youth. Presented to the International
Conference for the Association of Experiential Education,
Charleston, WV, November, 2001.
Russell, K. (2001) Getting high on wilderness How does wilderness
help substance abusing adolescents? Presented to the International
Conference for the Association of Experiential Education,
Charleston, WV, November, 2001.
Russell, K. (2001) Outdoor behavioral healthcare: Is it safe and
does it work? Presented to the Independent Educational Consultants
Association Conference, Tampa, FL, November, 2001.
Russell, K. (2001) Outdoor behavioral healthcare A growing use of
public lands in the U.S. Presented to the Human Dimensions of
Resource Management Conference, Jackson, Wyoming, October, 2001.
Russell, K. C., Hendee, J.C., and Phillips-Miller, D. (1999) How
wilderness therapy works An examination of the wilderness therapy
process for adolescents with behavioral problems. Presented at the
Wilderness Science in a Time of Change Conference, Missoula,
Montana, June 2000. McCool and others eds., Rocky Mountain Research
Station, US Forest Service, USDA, Ogden, UT
Russell, K. C. (1998) Wilderness therapy An emerging treatment for
adolescents with behavioral problems. Presented at the 6th World
Wilderness Congress, Bangalore India October 23-29. Watson, A. ed.,
Rocky Mountain Research Station, US Forest Service, USDA, Ogden, UT
Invited presentations
Russell, K.C. (2004). Modeling treatment factors and their relation
to substance use frequency and depression in wilderness treatment.
Invited paper presented Maryland Psychological Association,
Annapolis Maryland, October 28-29, 2004.
Russell, K.C. (2004). Invited panel discussion member: Current
trends in land use. Moderator: Dr. Alan Ewert, Indiana University.
Presented at the International Symposium for Society and Resource
Management, Keystone, Colorado, June 2-6, 2004.
Russell, K.C. (2003). Results from a two-year follow-up study of
adolescents in wilderness treatment. Invited paper to the Wilderness
Therapy Symposium, Boulder CO September 26th-28th. Sponsored by
Naropa University, Boulder Colorado.
Russell, K. (2002) Where do outdoor treatment approaches fit on the
continuum of care for adolescents? Invited paper presented to the
Aspen Education Group and Independent Consultants meeting, Salt Lake
City, UT. January, 2002.
Russell, K and Nelson, D. (2002). Wilderness program approaches for
adjudicated youth. Invited paper presented to Colorado Juvenile
Justice Conference, Breckenridge, CO. May, 2002.
Russell, K. (2001) Transferability of skills and effects from
outdoor treatment to posttreatment environments. Invited
presentation and panel discussion member at the Intermountain
Regional Meeting of the National Association of Therapeutic Schools
and Programs, Salt Lake City, UT, June 2001.
Russell, K. (2001) Measuring outcomes in wilderness programs A study
of treatment effectiveness using the Youth Outcome Questionnaire.
Invited presentation and panel discussion member, Montana Mental
Health Association, Butte Montana, May 2001.
Russell, K. (2001) Research approaches to evaluate the effectiveness
of wilderness treatment programs. Invited paper presented to the
Rocky Mountain Association for Experiential Education, Logan, UT,
April, 2001.
Russell, K. (2001) Outdoor behavioral healthcare and substance abuse
treatment. Invited paper presented to the National Association of
Therapeutic Schools and Programs, San Diego, CA, January 2001.
Russell, K. (2000) A nation-wide study of outdoor behavioral
healthcare programs. Invited paper presented to the Therapeutic
Adventure Professional Group of the Association for Experiential
Education, Tucson, Arizona, November, 2000.
Russell, K. (2000) Does Wilderness therapy work? Invited
presentation and member of a panel discussion at the Association of
Private Educators in Practice, Detroit, Michigan, July 2000.
Russell, K. (2000) Historical influences, practical applications,
and advantages and disadvantages of outdoor behavioral healthcare.
Invited paper presented to the National Association of Therapeutic
Schools and Programs, Tampa Bay, FL, January 2000.
Russell, K. C. (1996). Wilderness Discovery A wilderness experience
program for youth-at-risk in the Federal Job Corps. Invited paper
presented at the Annual Conference of Federal Job Corps Center
Directors, Hot Springs, Arkansas.
Russell, K. C. (1996). Wilderness Discovery A program to help
underprivileged youth graduate Job Corps. Invited paper presented at
the Annual conference of Management and Training Corporation, Park
City, Utah.
Research
Grants and contracts
2004, $40,000, Outdoor Behavior Healthcare Industry Council. For
research and evaluation of outcomes for the Outdoor Behavioral
Healthcare Research Cooperative.
2004, $12,000, Crossings Wilderness Expeditions. For research and
evaluation of outcomes for behavioral healthcare program for Alaskan
youth.
2004, $12,000, Center for School Success. For research and
evaluation of outcomes from learning profile assessments and the
schools attuned program.
2003, $40,000, Outdoor Behavior Healthcare Industry Council. For
research and evaluation of outcomes for the Outdoor Behavioral
Healthcare Research Cooperative.
2002, $40,000, Outdoor Behavior Healthcare Industry Council. For
research and evaluation of outcomes for the Outdoor Behavioral
Healthcare Research Cooperative.
2002, $16,000, Contract to study the effect of tourism spending on
rural counties in Idaho, Idaho Department of Commerce.
2002, $350,000, received request for full proposal to the William T.
Grant Foundation after initial proposal was submitted for a study of
outdoor behavioral healthcare outcomes. (Unfunded)
2001 & 2002, $535,000, submitted grant (January 2001) to the
National Institute on Drug Abuse for a comparative study of outdoor
behavioral healthcare outcomes. Received written comments.
(Unfunded)
2001, $9,000, Wendigo Lake Expeditions, Ontario, Canada. Contract to
conduct study on outcomes of DARE program with at-risk adolescents.
2001, $7,600, OMNI Health Services, Chicago, IL. Contract to
evaluate outcomes in mental health service delivery for
community-based therapeutic program for at-risk adolescents.
2001, $40,000, Outdoor Behavior Healthcare Industry Council. For
research and evaluation of outcomes for the Outdoor Behavioral
Healthcare Research Cooperative.
2000, $48,000, Outdoor Behavior Healthcare Industry Council. For the
establishment and initial program of research for the Outdoor
Behavioral Healthcare Research Cooperative.
1999, $40,000, Outdoor Behavior Healthcare Industry Council. For the
establishment and initial program of research for the Outdoor
Behavioral Healthcare Research Cooperative.
1998, $12,000, Outdoor Behavior Healthcare Industry Council,
Doctoral Dissertation on The Theoretical Bases of Wilderness Therapy
as an Intervention and Treatment for Problem Behavior in
Adolescents.
1998, $2,000, University of Idaho Summer Programs, An Innovative
Grant for Development of Live Learn and Teach, an experiential
education program for in-service teachers.
1995, $30,000, Grant to operate and evaluate Wilderness Discovery at
downtown Atlanta Job Corps Center, US Federal Job Corps. With John
C. Hendee, principal investigator.
1994-1995, $24,000, US Forest Service Aldo Leopold research
Institute, Meaning of Wilderness to Economically and Socially
Disadvantaged Youth. With John C. Hendee, principal investigator.
September 2005
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