Publications

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Refereed journal articles and monographs

Todd, R., Lewis, M., Muesel, L-A., & Zelazo, P. D. (in press). The time course of emotion processing in early childhood: ERP responses to affective stimuli in a Go-Nogo task. Neuropsychologia.

Marcovitch, S., & Zelazo, P. D. (in press). A hierarchical competing systems model of the emergence and early development of executive function. Developmental Science.

Russo, N., Flanagan, T., Iarocci, G., Berringer, D., Zelazo, P. D., & Burack, J. A. (2007). Deconstructing executive deficits among persons with autism: Implications for cognitive neuroscience. Brain and Cognition, 65, 77-86.

Ortner, C. M. N., & Kilner, S., & Zelazo, P. D. (2007). Mindfulness meditation and emotional interference in a simple cognitive task. Motivation and Emotion, 31, 271-283.

Cunningham, W. A., Zelazo, P. D., Packer, D. J., & Van Bavel, J. J. (2007). The Iterative Reprocessing Model: A multi-level framework for attitudes and evaluation. Social Cognition, 25, 736-760.

Qu, L., & Zelazo, P. D. (2007). The facilitative effect of positive stimuli on 3-year-old’s flexible rule use. Cognitive Development, 22, 456-473.

Stieben, J., Lewis, M. D., Granic, I., Zelazo, P. D., Segalowitz, S., & Pepler, D. (2007). Neurophysiological mechanisms of emotion regulation for subtypes of externalizing children. Development and Psychopathology, 19, 455-480.

Cunningham, W., & Zelazo, P. D. (2007). Attitudes and evaluation: A social cognitive neuroscience perspective. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 11, 97-104.

Goldstein, D., Hahn, C., Hasher, L., Wiprzycka, L. J., & Zelazo, P. D. (2007). Time of day, intellectual performance, and behavioral problems in Morning versus Evening type adolescents: Is there a synchrony effect? Personality and Individual Differences, 43, 431-440.

Huijbregts, S. C. J., Séguin, J., Zelazo, P. D., Parent, S., Japele, C., & Tremblay, R. E. (2006). Interrelations between maternal smoking during pregnancy, birth weight and sociodemographic factors in the prediction of early cognitive abilities. Infant and Child Development, 15, 593-606.

Parent, S., Montesinos-Gelet, I., Séguin. J. R., Zelazo, P. D., & Tremblay, R. E. (2006). La contribution de la diversité des expériences littéraires préscolaires aux habiletés émergentes en litéracie. Éducation et Francophonie, 34, 168-188.

Zelazo, P. D. (2006). The dimensional change card sort (DCCS): A method of assessing executive function in children. Nature Protocols, 1, 297-301.

Bunge, S., & Zelazo, P. D. (2006). A brain-based account of the development of rule use in childhood. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 15, 118-121.

Marcovitch, S., & Zelazo, P. D. (2006). Non-monotonic influence of number of A trials on 2-year-olds’ perseverative search. Journal of Cognition and Development, 7, 477-501.

Lamm, C., Zelazo, P. D., & Lewis, M. D. (2006). Neural correlates of cognitive control in childhood and adolescence: Disentangling the contributions of age and executive function. Neuropsychologia, 44, 2139-2148.

Lewis, M., Lamm, C., Segalowitz, S., Stieben, J., & Zelazo, P. D. (2006). Neurophysiological correlates of emotion regulation in children and adolescents. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 18, 430-443.

Zelazo, P. D. (2006). Implications of 3-year-olds’ successful performance on a no-conflict version of the dimensional change card sort. Psychological Reports, 98, 858-860.

Zelazo, P. D. (2006). Training executive function. AboutkidsHealth. Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto. (Part six of a multi-part series). Available online at: http://www.aboutkidshealth.ca/ofhc/news/SREF/4898.asp.

Müller, U, Dick, A. S., Gela, K., Overton, W. F., & Zelazo, P. D. (2006). The role of negative priming in the Dimensional Change Card Sort task. Child Development, 77, 395-412.

Li, Y., Wu, R., Hu, X., Li, H., & Zelazo, P. D. (2006). The development of executive function in deaf children: Comparing with normal children.Acta Psychologica Sinica, 38, 356-364

Liao, Y, Wu, R, Zelazo, P. D., Li, H., Zhang, T., Zhang, L, Gao, S, & Li, X. (2006). Relations between different test questions of unexpected transfer task: Understanding of intention and executive function. Acta Psychologica Sinica, 38, 207-215.

Zhang, T., Wu, R., Li H., & Zelazo, P. D. et al. (2006). Predictions of different components of early theory of mind by diverse measures of executive function. Acta Psychologica Sinica, 38, 56-62.

Cunningham, W. A., Espinet, S. D., DeYoung, C., & Zelazo, P. D. (2006). Attitudes to the right – and left:Frontal ERP asymmetries associated with stimulus valence and processing goals. NeuroImage, 28, 827-834.

Wei, Y. G., Wu, R. M., Li, H., Feng, T. Y., & Zelazo, P. D. (2005). Role of inhibitory control in children’s executive function and theory of mind. Acta Psychologica Sinica, 37, 598-605.

Blair, C., Zelazo, P. D., & Greenberg, M. (2005).The assessment of executive function in early childhood: Prospects and progress. Developmental Neuropsychology, 28, 561-571.

Hongwanishkul, D., Happaney, K. R., Lee, W., & Zelazo, P. D. (2005).Hot and cool executive function: Age-related changes and individual differences. Developmental Neuropsychology, 28, 617-644.

Prencipe, A., & Zelazo, P. D. (2005). Development of affective decision-making for self and other: Evidence for the integration of first- and third-person perspectives. Psychological Science, 16, 501-505.

Müller, U. Zelazo, P. D., &, Imrisek, S. (2005). Understanding false belief and executive function: How specific is the relation? Cognitive Development, 20, 173-189.

Zelazo, P. D. (2005). What happens when the development of executive function goes awry? AboutkidsHealth. Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto. (Part five of a multi-part series). Available online at: http://www.aboutkidshealth.ca/ofhc/news/SREF/4365.asp

Zelazo, P. D. (2005). Brain growth and the development of executive function. AboutkidsHealth. Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto. (Part four of a multi-part series). Available online at: http://www.aboutkidshealth.ca/ofhc/news/SREF/4365.asp

Zelazo, P. D. (2005). The development of executive function across the lifespan. AboutkidsHealth. Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto. (Part three of a multi-part series). Available online at: http://www.aboutkidshealth.ca/ofhc/news/SREF/4292.asp

Zelazo, P. D. (2005). The development of executive function in infancy and early childhood. AboutkidsHealth. Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto. (Part two of a multi-part series). Available online at: http://www.aboutkidshealth.ca/ofhc/news/SREF/4179.asp 

Zelazo, P. D. (2005). What is executive function? AboutkidsHealth. Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto. (Part one of a multi-part series). Available online at: http://www.aboutkidshealth.ca/ofhc/news/Other/4144.asp

Djikic, M., Peterson, J. B., & Zelazo, P. D. (2005). Attentional biases and memory distortions in self-enhancing individuals. Personality and Individual Differences, 38, 559-568.

Müller, U., Zelazo, P. D., Hood, S., Leone, T., & Rohrer, L. (2004). Interference control in a new rule use task: Age-related changes, labeling, and attention. Child Development, 75, 1594-1609.

Happaney, K. R., & Zelazo, P. D. (2004). Resistance to extinction: A measure of orbitofrontal function suitable for children? Brain and Cognition, 55, 171-184.

Kerr, A., & Zelazo, P. D.(2004). Development of “hot” executive function: The Children’s Gambling Task. Brain and Cognition, 55, 148-157.

Happaney, K. R., Zelazo, P. D., & Stuss, D. T. (2004). Orbitofrontal function: A developmental perspective. Brain and Cognition, 55, 1-10.

Tremblay, R. E., Nagin, D. S., Séguin, J. R., Zoccolillo, M., Zelazo, P. D., Boivin, M., Pérusse, D., & Japel, C. (2004). Physical aggression during early childhood: Trajectories and predictors.Pediatrics, 114, e43-e50. [Reprinted in: Canadian Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Review, 14(1), Feb 2005, pp. 3-9]

Zelazo, P. D. (2004). The development of conscious control in childhood. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 8, 12-17.

Zelazo, P. D., Craik, F. I. M., & Booth, L. (2004). Executive function across the life span. Acta Psychologica, 115, 167-184.

Zelazo, P. D., Muller, U., Frye, D., & Marcovitch, S. (2003). The development of executive function in early childhood. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 68(3), Serial No. 274.

Morton, J. B., Trehub, S. E., & Zelazo, P. D.(2003). Representational inflexibility in children’s interpretation of emotion in speech. Child Development, 74, 1857-1868.

Happaney, K. R., & Zelazo, P. D. (2003). Inhibition as a problem in the psychology of behavior. Developmental Science, 6, 468-470.

Zelazo, P. D., & Lourenco, S. F. (2003). Imitation and the dialectic of representation. Developmental Review, 23, 55-78.

Marcovitch, S., Zelazo, P. D., & Schmuckler, M. A. (2002). The effect of number of A trials on performance on the A-not-B task. Infancy, 3, 519-529.

Sharpe, D. & Zelazo, P. D.(2002). The foundations and development of metalinguistic knowledge. Journal of Child Language, 29, 481-484.

Zelazo, P. D., Jacques, S., Burack, J., & Frye, D. (2002). The relation between theory of mind and rule use: Evidence from persons with autism-spectrum disorders. Infant and Child Development (Special Issue: Executive function and its development), 11, 171-195.

Zelazo, P. D., & Müller, U. (2002). The balance beam in the balance: Reflections on rules, relational complexity, and developmental processes. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 81, 458‑465.

Jacques, S., & Zelazo, P. D. (2001). The Flexible Item Selection Task (FIST): A measure of executive function in preschoolers. Developmental Neuropsychology, 20, 573-591.

Helwig, C. C., Zelazo, P. D., & Wilson, M. (2001). Children’s judgments of psychological harm in normal and noncanonical situations. Child Development, 72, 66-81.Zelazo, P. D. & Boseovski, J. (2001). Video reminders in a representational change task: Memory for cues but not beliefs or statements. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 78, 107-129.

Marcovitch, S., & Zelazo, P. D. (2000). A generative connectionist model of the development of rule use in children. Proceedings of the Twenty-second Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society (pp. 334-339). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Marcovitch, S., & Zelazo, P. D. (1999). The A-not-B error: Results from a logistic meta-analysis. Child Development, 70, 1297-1313.

Zelazo, P. D., Sommerville, J. A., & Nichols, S. (1999). Age-related changes in children’s use of external representations. Developmental Psychology, 35,1059-1071.

Jacques, S., Zelazo, P. D., Kirkham, N. Z., & Semcesen, T. K. (1999). Rule selection and rule execution in preschoolers: An error-detection approach. Developmental Psychology, 35, 770-780.

Zelazo, P. D., & Frye, D. (1998). II. Cognitive complexity and control: the development of executive function. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 7, 121‑126.

Frye, D., Zelazo, P. D., Burack, J. A. (1998). I. Cognitive complexity and control: Implications for theory of mind in typical and atypical development. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 7, 116‑121.

Zelazo, P. D., Reznick, J. S., & Spinazzola, J. (1998). Representational flexibility and response control in a multistep multilocation search task. Developmental Psychology, 34, 203-214.

Zelazo, P. D., Carter, A., Reznick, J. S., & Frye, D. (1997). Early development of executive function: A problem-solving framework. Review of General Psychology, 1, 198-226.

[Reprinted in Japanese in:Eric Schopler, Michael Rutter, & Ryuro Takagi (Eds.), (2003). Advances in Research on Autism and Developmental Disorders (Vol. 7).Tokyo: Seiwa Shoten Publishers.]

Zelazo, P. D., Helwig, C. C., Lau, A. (1996). Intention, act and outcome in behavioral prediction and moral judgement. Child Development, 67, 2478-2492.

Zelazo, P. D. (1996). Towards a characterization of minimal consciousness. New Ideas in Psychology, 14, 63-80.

Zelazo, P. D., Burack, J., Benedetto, E., & Frye, D. (1996). Theory of mind and rule use in individuals with Down Syndrome: A test of the uniqueness and specificity claims. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 37, 479-484.

Zelazo, P. D., Frye, D. & Rapus, T. (1996). An age-related dissociation between knowing rules and using them. Cognitive Development, 11, 37-63.

Frye, D., Zelazo, P. D., & Brooks, P. J., Samuels, M.C. (1996). Inference and action in early causal reasoning. Developmental Psychology, 32, 120-131.

Zelazo, P. D., Reznick, J. S. & Pinon, D. (1995). Response control and the execution ofverbal rules. Developmental Psychology, 31, 508-517.

Frye, D., Zelazo, P. D. & Palfai, T. (1995). Theory of mind and rule-based reasoning. Cognitive Development, 10, 483-527.

Zelazo, N. A., Zelazo, P. R., Cohen, K., & Zelazo, P. D. (1993). Specificity of practiceeffects on elementary neuromotor patterns. Developmental Psychology, 29, 686-691.

Zelazo, P. D. (1993). The nature (and artifice) of cognition. Cognoscenti, 1, 18-20. [Reprinted as: Zelazo, P. D. (2000). The nature (and artifice) of cognition. PSYCOLOQUY [On-line], 11(076) Ai Cognitive Science (16). Available:FTP: //ftp.princeton.edu/pub/harnad/Psycoloquy/2000.volume.11/Directory:psyc.00.11.076.ai‑cognitive‑science.16.zelazo]

Zelazo, P. D. & Reznick, J. S. (1991). Age‑related asynchrony of knowledge and action. Child Development, 62, 719‑735.

Peterson, J. B., Rothfleisch, J., Zelazo, P. D., & Pihl, R. O. (1990). Acute alcohol intoxication and cognitive functioning. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 51, 114‑122.

Shultz, T. R., Zelazo, P. D., & Engelberg, D. J. (1989). Managinguncertainty in rule‑based reasoning. Proceedings of the Eleventh Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society (pp. 227‑234). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.

[Also appeared as: Shultz, T. R., Zelazo, P. D., & Engelberg, D. J. (1989). Propagation of uncertainty in rule‑based reasoning. (Tech. Rep. No. 88‑02). Montreal, Quebec: McGill University, CognitiveScience Centre.]

Zelazo, P. D. & Shultz, T. R. (1989). Concepts of potency and resistance in causal prediction. Child Development, 60, 1307‑1315.

Non-refereed book chapters, articles, reviews, and books

Zelazo, P. D., Carlson, S. M., and Kesek, A. (in press). Development of executive function in childhood.In C. Nelson, & M. Luciana (Eds.), Handbook of developmental cognitive neuroscience. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

Zelazo, P. D., & Gao, H. H. (in press). Development and consciousness. In Wilken, P., Bayne, T., & Cleeremans, A. (Eds.), Oxford companion to consciousness. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Zelazo, P. D. (in press). The development of rule use in childhood. In S. A. Bunge & J. D. Wallis (Eds.), Perspectives on rule-guided behavior. New York: Oxford University Press.

Carlson, S. M., & Zelazo, P. D. (in press). Symbolic thought. In M. Haith & J. Benson (Eds.), Encyclopedia of infant and early childhood development. Amsterdam: Elsevier.

Müller, U., Jacques, S., Brocki, K., & Zelazo, P. D. (in press). The executive functions of language in preschool children. In A. Winsler, C. Fernyhough, & I. Montero (Eds.), Private speech, executive functioning, and the development of verbal self-regulation.New York: Cambridge University Press.

Müller, U., Liebermann, D., Frye, D., & Zelazo, P. D. (in press). Executive function, school readiness, and school achievement. In K. Thurman & C. Fiorello (Eds.), Cognitive development in K-3 classroom learning: Research applications. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.

Kesek, A., Zelazo, P. D., & Lewis, M. D. (in press). The development of executive function and emotion regulation in adolescence. In N. Allen & L. Sheeber (Eds.), Adolescent emotional development and the emergence of depressive disorders. New York: Cambridge University Press.

Zelazo, P. D., & Cunningham, W. (2007). Executive function: Mechanisms underlying emotion regulation. In J. Gross (Ed.), Handbook of emotion regulation (pp. 135-158). New York: Guilford.

Zelazo, P. D., Moscovitch, M., & Thompson, E. (Eds.). (2007). Cambridge Handbook of Consciousness. New York: Cambridge University Press.

Zelazo, P. D., Gao, H. H., & Todd, R. (2007). The development of consciousness.In P. D. Zelazo, M. Moscovitch, & E. Thompson (Eds.), Cambridge Handbook of Consciousness (pp. 405-432). New York: Cambridge University Press.

Zelazo, P. D., Moscovitch, M., & Thompson, E.(2007). Consciousness: An introduction. In P. D. Zelazo, M. Moscovitch, & E. Thompson (Eds.), Cambridge Handbook of Consciousness (pp. 1-3). New York: Cambridge University Press.

Happaney, K. R., & Zelazo, P. D. (2007). Less specificity in higher cognitive mechanisms: Evidence from theory of mind. In M. Roberts (Ed.), Domain specific thinking: Arguments against extremism (pp. 257-273). London: Psychology Press.

Gao, H. H., & Zelazo, P. D., (in press). Language and the development of consciousness: Degrees of disembodiment. In W. F. Overton, U. Muller, & J. Newman (Eds.), Body in mind, mind in body: Developmental perspectives on embodiment and consciousness. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Jacques, S., & Zelazo, P. D.(2005). On the possible socio-communicative roots of cognitive flexibility.In B. Homer & C. Tamis-Lemonda (Eds.), The development of social understanding and communication (pp. 53-81).Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Séguin, J. R. & Zelazo, P. D. (2005). Executive function in early physical aggression. In R. E. Tremblay, W. W. Hartup, & J. Archer (Eds.), Developmental origins of aggression (pp. 307-329). New York: Guilford.

Jacques, S., & Zelazo, P. D. (2005). Language and the development of cognitive flexibility:Implications for theory of mind.In J. W. Astington, & J. A. Baird (Eds.), Why language matters for theory of mind (pp. 144-162). New York: Oxford University Press.

Zelazo, P. D., Qu, Li, & Müller, U. (2005). Hot and cool aspects of executive function: Relations in early development. In W. Schneider, R. Schumann-Hengsteler, & B. Sodian (Eds.), Young children’s cognitive development: Interrelationships among executive functioning, working memory, verbal ability, and theory of mind (pp. 71-93). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.

Frye, D., & Zelazo, P. D. (2003). The development of young children’s action control and awareness. In J. Roessler, & N. Eilan (Eds.), Agency and self-awareness: Issues in philosophy and psychology (pp. 244-262). Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Zelazo, P. D. (2002). Cutting through cognitive materialism: Reflections on the Intentionality Revolution. Contemporary Psychology, 47, 752-755.

Zelazo, P. D. & Müller, U. (2002). Executive function in typical and atypical development. In U. Goswami (Ed.), Handbook of childhood cognitive development (pp. 445-469). Oxford: Blackwell.

Zelazo, P. D., Burack, J., Boseovski, J, Jacques, S., & Frye, D. (2001). A cognitive complexity and control framework for the study of autism. In J. A. Burack, T. Charman, N. Yirmiya, & P. R. Zelazo (Eds.), The development of autism: Perspectives from theory and research (pp. 195-217).Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Zelazo, P. D. & Sommerville, J. (2001). Levels of consciousness of the self in time. In C. Moore & K. Lemmon (Eds.), The self in time: Developmental issues (pp. 229-252). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Marcovitch, S., & Zelazo, P. D. (2001). On the need for conscious control and conceptual understanding. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 24, 48-49.

Zelazo, P. D. (2000). Minds in the (re-)Making: Imitation and the dialectic of representation. In J. W. Astington (Ed.), Minds in the making: Essays in honour of David R. Olson (pp. 143-164). Oxford: Blackwell Publishers.

Zelazo, P. D. (2000). Self-reflection and the development of consciously controlled processing. In P. Mitchell & K. Riggs (Eds.), Children’s reasoning and the mind (pp. 169-189). Hove, UK: Psychology Press.

Zelazo, P. D. & Frye, D. (1999). Consciousness and control: The argument from developmental psychology. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 22, 789-790.

Zelazo, P. D., Astington, J. W., & Olson, D. R. (Eds.) (1999). Developing theories of intention: Social understanding and self-control. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.

Olson, D. R., Astington, J. W., & Zelazo, P. D. (1999). Introduction: Actions, intentions, and attributions. In P. D. Zelazo, J. W. Astington, & D. R. Olson, (Eds.), Developing theories of intention: Social understanding and self-control (pp. 1-13). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.

Zelazo, P. D. (1999). Language, levels of consciousness, and the development of intentional action. In P. D. Zelazo, J. W. Astington, & D. R. Olson, (Eds.), Developing theories of intention: Social understanding and self-control (pp. 95-117). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.

Frye, D., & Zelazo, P. D. (1998). Complexity:From formal analysis to final action. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 21, 836-837.

Zelazo, P. R., & Zelazo, P. D. (1998). The emergence of consciousness. Advances in Neurology, 77, 149-165.

Zelazo, P. D. & Frye, D. (1997). Cognitive complexity and control: A theory of the development of deliberate reasoning and intentional action. In M. Stamenov (Ed.), Language structure, discourse, and the access to consciousness (pp. 113-153). Amsterdam &Philadelphia: John Benjamins.

Zelazo, P. D. & Jacques, S. (1997). Children's rule use: Representation, reflection, and cognitive control. Annals of Child Development, 12, 119-176.

Zelazo, P. D. (1995). Beyond subjectivity: Abstraction and the structure of experience. In D. Moos (Ed.), Architecture of the mind. Amsterdam: Galerie Barbara Farber.

Jacques, S. & Zelazo, P. D. (1994). Several strictures on specificity. Current Psychology of Cognition/Cahiers de Psychologie Cognitive, 13, 623-629.

Zelazo, P. D. (1994). From the decline of development to the ascent of consciousness. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 17, 731-732.

Zelazo, P. D. & Frye, D. (1993). The psychologist's fallacy (and the philosopher’s omission). Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 16, 89-90.

Zelazo, P. D. (1992). The dissociation of consciousness and the control of behavior: Commentary on Bridgeman on consciousness. PSYCOLOQUY [On-line], 3(38). Available: FTP:128.112.128.1Directory: pub/harnad File: psych.92.3.26.consciousness.20.bridgeman.

Reznick, J. S., & Zelazo, P. D. (1992). A limitation of the reflex‑arc approach to consciousness. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 14, 692.

Zelazo, P. D. & Reznick, J. S. (1990). Ontogeny and intentionality. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 13, 631‑632.